Muri 2010, Geim na Novoselov batsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri fiziki kubikorwa byabo kuri Grafene. Iki gihembo cyasize abantu benshi. Nyuma ya byose, ntabwo buri cyemezo cyo kugerageza icyifuzo cya mbere cya kaseti, kandi ntabwo ari ikintu cyose cyubushakashatsi nubumaji kandi byoroshye gusobanukirwa nka "kristu ebyiri". Akazi mu 2004 karashobora gutangwa muri 2010, kidasanzwe mu nyandiko y'itimbo ry'itiriwe Nobel mu myaka yashize.
GRAPHENE ni ibintu bifite ibintu bimwe bigizwe na atome ya karubone yateguwe cyane mubuki bwibiriho hexagonal. Kimwe na diyama, igishushanyo, cyuzuye, karubone nanotubes na karuboni ya amorfous, nibintu (ibintu byoroshye) bigizwe nibintu bya karubone. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, jullerenes na karubone nanotubes barashobora kugaragara nkaho bava munzira imwe ya grafene, bashyizwe mubikorwa byinshi bya Grafene. Ubushakashatsi bwa Tewodical ku mikoreshereze ya Grapfene Gusobanura imitungo yoroshye ya karubone (igishushanyo, muri Carbone nanotubes na Grarone), ariko muri rusange birakekwa ko ibikoresho bibiri bigoye kubaho mu buryo butunguranye, Gusa wometse kumurongo wibipimo bitatu cyangwa imbere mubihe nkibishushanyo. Ntabwo ari Geimu na Andre Geimu na Umunyeshuri we Kontantin Novoselov bambuye igice kimwe cya Graphene mu gishushanyo binyuze mu bushakashatsi bakoresheje ubushakashatsi ku buryo ubushakashatsi kuri Grafene bwageze ku iterambere rishya.
Byombi byuzuye (ibumoso) na karubone nanotube (hagati) birashobora gufatwa nkibizunguruka kumwanya wa grafene mubice bya GARPHECE binyuranye na van der waails.
Muri iki gihe, Grayhene arashobora kuboneka muburyo bwinshi, kandi uburyo butandukanye bufite ibyiza byabo nibibi. Geim na Novoselov babonye GrafeNone muburyo bworoshye. Ukoresheje kaseti mu mucyo uboneka muri supermarkets, bambuye Gratone, bambuye urupapuro rumwe gusa rwa atome ya karubone, uhereye ku gice cy'ikigereranyo cya Pyrolytic. Ibi biroroshye, ariko igenzura ntabwo ari ryiza cyane, kandi grafpene ifite ubunini bwa minisiteri munsi ya miliyoni 100 (kimwe cya milimetero imwe) irashobora kuboneka mubushakashatsi, ariko biragoye gukoreshwa mubikorwa bifatika Porogaramu. Kubika ibyumba bya chimique birashobora gukura ingero za graphene hamwe nubunini bwa santimetero icumi kumurima. Nubwo agace karimo icyerekezo gihamye ni microne 100 gusa [3,4], byarakwiriye gukora umusaruro mubisabwa bimwe. Ubundi buryo busanzwe ni ugushyushya karbide ya silicon (sic) kugeza ku ya 1100 ℃ muri vacuum, bityo atome ya silicon hafi yubuso buhumura, kandi atome ya karubone isigaye irahinduka, kandi atome ya karubone isigaye irahinduka, ishobora no kubona ingero za gare zifite imitungo myiza.
GrafeNone ni ibintu bishya ufite imitungo idasanzwe: Imikorere y'amashanyarazi ni byiza nk'umuringa, kandi umuco wacyo uruta ibintu byose bizwi. Ni mucyo. Igice gito (2,3%) cyibyabaye uhagaritse urumuri ruzakoreshwa na graffe, kandi urumuri ruzanyura. Biraciriritse cyane na atom ya helium (molekile ntoya) ntishobora kunyuramo. Ibi bintu byubumaji ntabwo byarazwe mu buryo butaziguye ibishushanyo, ariko kubutaka bumwe. Imitungo yayo idasanzwe kandi nziza yerekana ko ifite ibyifuzo byagutse.
Nubwo Graphene yagaragaye gusa imyaka itarenze icumi, yerekanaga ibintu byinshi bya tekiniki, bikaba bidasanzwe mubijyanye na fiziki na siyansi. Bisaba imyaka irenga icumi cyangwa imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo kubikoresho rusange byimukira muri laboratoire mubuzima busanzwe. Gukoresha GrafeN? Reka turebe ingero ebyiri.
Electrode yoroheje
Mubikoresho byinshi byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho bitwara bifatika bigomba gukoreshwa nka electrode. Amasaha ya elegitoroniki, kubara, tereviziyo, amazi ya kirisiti yerekana, umurongo w'izuba, ibice by'izuba n'ibindi bikoresho ntibishobora kuva muri electrode iboneye. Electroduke gakondo ikoresha indium tin oxide (ito). Bitewe nigiciro cyinshi hamwe nibiciro bigarukira, ibikoresho biratoroshye kandi bidahinduka, kandi hagomba kubikwa, kandi hagomba kubikwa, kandi hagomba kubikwa mubice byo hagati ya vacuum, kandi ikiguzi ni kinini. Kuva kera, abahanga bagerageje gushaka umusimbura. Usibye ibisabwa mu mucyo, gukora neza no gutegura byoroshye, niba guhinduka byoroshye ari byiza, bizakwira mu gukora "impapuro zamashanyarazi" cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwerekana. Kubwibyo, guhinduka nabyo ni ikintu cyingenzi. GrafeNE ni ibintu nkibi, bikwiranye cyane na electrode iboneye.
Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Samsung na Chengjunguan muri Koreya y'Epfo babonye Gragone ifite uburebure bwa santimetero 30 by micron imbohe ya polyerylene telephthalate telephthalate (amatungo) yo gukora ecran ya graphone ishingiye ku gifunyi cya graphthalate [4]. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, abafaya bakuze ku mwobo wa Copper ya mbere ya kaseti (igice cy'ubururu), hanyuma umuringa wimuriwe ku buryo bw'imiti, hanyuma umuringa wimuriwe kuri firime y'inyamanswa ukishyuza .
Ibikoresho bishya bya Photofercynic
GrafeN afite ibintu bidasanzwe cyane. Nubwo hari igice kimwe cya atome, kirashobora kwikuramo 2.3% byumucyo wasohotse mumucyo wose uva mumucyo ugaragara kugirango ushiremo infrared. Iyi mibare ntaho ihuriye nibindi bipimo bya Growphene kandi bigenwa na Qumpam electrodynamics [6]. Umucyo wakiriwe uzaganisha ku gisekuru cya abatwara (electron n'imyobo). Igisekuru n'ubwikorezi by'abatwara muri GrafeN bitandukanye cyane n'abari mu bice gakondo. Ibi bituma grafene ikwiye cyane kubikoresho bya mafotonectractnic. Bigereranijwe ko ibikoresho nkibi bikubiyemo ibikoresho bishobora gukora kuri inshuro 500GHZ. Niba ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ibimenyetso, irashobora kohereza zeru 500 cyangwa izi kusegonda, kandi yuzuye kohereza ibikubiye muri disiki ebyiri za blu ray ray muri kabiri.
Impuguke muri IBM Thomas J. Watson J. Watson Jye muri Amerika yakoresheje Grafeeler gukora ibikoresho bya mafotonelectric ishobora gukora kuri 10GHz inshuro [8]. Ubwa mbere, Grafene Flake yateguwe kuri silicon yagaragaye 300 nm ubudodo bwa silica ", hanyuma palladium zahabu cyangwa icyago cya zahabu hamwe nintera ya micron 250. Muri ubu buryo, igikoresho cya mafotofecy gishingiye ku gikoresho cyafashwe.
Igishushanyo cya Schematic cya Grafeelectric Ibikoresho bya Inducfatiriki hamwe no gusikana microscope ya electron (sem) amafoto yingero nyayo. Umurongo wumukara mu gishushanyo gihuye na microns 5, kandi intera iri hagati yimirongo y'icyuma ni micron imwe.
Binyuze mu bushakashatsi, abashakashatsi basanze iyi mezi y'icyuma ya Grafenectric igikoresho cyakozwe na 16GHz kuri 16GHz kuri benshi, kandi irashobora gukora ku muvuduko mwinshi muri 300 (hafi ya ultrasot) kugeza ku miti 6 (igihe Umuyoboro gakondo wa Induction tube ntushobora gusubiza urumuri rwaka hamwe nuburebure burebure. Ibikoresho byaho bya Grafefect bafashe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gutera imbere. Imikorere yacyo yo hejuru ituma ifite amahirwe menshi yo gusaba, harimo itumanaho, kugenzura kure no gukurikirana ibidukikije.
Nkibikoresho bishya hamwe nibintu byihariye, ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa rya Graphene rivanze umwe umwe. Biragoye kuri twe kubara hano. Mu bihe biri imbere, hashobora kubaho imirima imiyoboro ikozwe muri grafene, hakozwe uburyo bwa moleki bukozwe mu buzima bwa Grafene ndetse na molecular ikozwe mu buzima bwa buri munsi ... Grahene usohoka muri laboratoire azamurika mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
Turashobora kwitega ko umubare munini wibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki ukoresheje graphene bizagaragara mugihe cya vuba. Tekereza ukuntu byaba bishimishije niba terefone zacu na netvitike ya terefone zishobora kuzunguruka, ikomatwiga, yuzuye mu mufuka, cyangwa izengurutse intoki iyo idakoreshwa!
Igihe cya nyuma: Werurwe-09-2022